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''Lysurus mokusin'', commonly known as the lantern stinkhorn, the small lizard's claw, or the ribbed lizard claw, is a saprobic species of fungus in the family Phallaceae. The fruit body consists of a reddish, cylindrical fluted stipe that is capped with several "arms". The arms can approach or even close in on each other to form a spire. The gleba—an olive-green slimy spore mass—is carried on the outer surface of the arms. The fruit body, which has an odor comparable to "fresh dog feces", "rotting flesh", or "sewage" when mature, is edible in its immature "egg" stage. The fungus is native to Asia, and is also found in Australia, Europe and North America, where it is probably an introduced species. It has been used medicinally in China as an ulcer remedy. ==History, taxonomy, and phylogeny== The species was first described by the Catholic Priest and missionary Pierre-Martial Cibot in the publication ''Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae'' (New memoirs of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg) (1775), where he reported finding it near Peking (now Beijing).〔 This finding represents the earliest published scientific record of a fungus from China.〔 Cibot's original name for the lantern stinkhorn, ''Phallus mokusin'', was sanctioned by Christian Hendrik Persoon in his 1801 ''Synopsis Methodica Fungorum''.〔 In 1823, Elias Magnus Fries transferred it to the genus ''Lysurus'' in his ''Systema Mycologicum''.〔 ''L. mokusin'' is the type species of the genus ''Lysurus''.〔 In 1938, Y. Kobayasi reported the form ''L. mokusin'' f. ''sinensis'', which he said differed from the main species in having a head that was more angular and conical at the top;〔 the form ''sinensis'' was also reported in Korea in 1995.〔 Some authors have attempted to define forms of ''L. mokusin'' as new species based on the degree of separation of the apical arms. For example, to contrast with his concept of ''Lysurus'' in which the arms were either free or slightly fused, the genus ''Lloydia'' was created by Chow in 1935 to contain species in which the tips of the arms were fused. As a result of various differing interpretations of the limits of ''L. mokusin'', and the desire of some authors to define new species based on perceived differences, the fungus has acquired a lengthy list of synonyms over the years.〔 ''L. mokusin'' is commonly known as the "lantern stinkhorn", the "small lizard's claw",〔 or the "ribbed lizard claw".〔 ''Lysuris mokusin'' has been included in a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of Gomphoid and Phalloid fungi published in 2006, and was shown to form a clade with ''Simblum sphaerocephalum'', ''Lysurus borealis'', and ''Protubera clathroidea''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lysurus mokusin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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